Posted by
William D. Dannenmaier on Wednesday, May 16, 2012 8:47:22 AM
I am in favor of reinstituting the draft. I would like to see all young men and women drafted into government service following graduation from high school, the only exceptions being for those who are completely disabled or married women with young children. My reasons follow.
The founding fathers of the United States believed in a separation of powers. Only Congress has the right to declare war and the power to pay for it. However, then surrounded by potentially hostile territories ruled by England, France and Spain, they recognized that occasions might arise where immediate military response was needed. Thus the President was made the Commander of the military with the right to respond to any attack.
This power to defend against threats to the United States and its citizens was used by Jefferson in the wars with the Barbary Pirates and by Reagan to protect citizens in Granada and in Panama. These were all quickly settled, minor, actions which received the approval of Congress, but never a declaration of war. However, this right to energize the military, without either prior approval of Congress or immediate threat to the United States has been expanded by our Presidents, perhaps beginning with Theodore Roosevelt when he sent the navy to impress Japan and then dared Congress to refuse the money to bring them home.
Although bitterly opposed by the public, drafting young men to fight in the military was instituted during the Civil War. It was re-instituted during World War I. President Woodrow Wilson decided to enter the war on the side of England. I don’t know why. It had little if anything to do with the United States and was a war to support and increase the imperial rule of England and France over African and Asian peoples while destroying the emerging imperial ambitions of Germany. Germany posed no threat to the United States. It was an unpopular war and many opposed it. Still the draft was enforced to supply the required soldiers.
In 1940, many opposed the steps President Roosevelt took toward entering World War II. Those steps included reinstituting the draft and supplying arms and food to England while prohibiting trade with Germany. This opposition died with the attack on Pearl Harbor. When the war ended, the draft was left on the books. Young men, aged between 18 and 26 were required to enroll. Thus, a roster of man power available to the military in case of emergency was maintained.
During the Korean "Police Action" and Vietnam’s undeclared "war" the draft was again used. Despite the fact that President Truman committed troops to South Korea without the prior approval of Congress and "war" was not declared, there was little protest. The public was told that we were fulfilling a promise to protect South Korea: North Korea was a clear invader and we were fulfilling our promise.
Protests about the draft arose, however, during the Vietnam conflict. Despite the promises made by President Franklin Roosevelt that our reasons for fighting in World War II were to permit the people of a country to select their own government, we had continued to support France and England in their rule of colonies against the wishes of the peoples living there. Thus President Kennedy supported imperialism by initiating our involvement to assist the French to continue their rule of Vietnam. With the collapse of the French effort, our military effort was increased, ostensibly to protect the puppet government of "South Vietnam," whose people had not been permitted to rule themselves by the French.
The Presidency of Johnson, who inherited the conflict, was destroyed by public opposition to our involvement and the use of drafted young men to fight an unpopular, ill considered, war. Drafting young men aroused the people of the United States. It made them pay attention to what the President was doing; which they don’t seem to have done earlier.
The consequence of the popular disapproval of drafting young men for Vietnam, was the creation of a "professional" army. This has led to unfortunate consequences. Since Vietnam and the creation of this professional army, President after President has used the army, without the prior approval of Congress, to engage in war after war, none of which were designated as "wars." Our Presidents have created an imperial United States with themselves as emperors.
President Clinton used his executive power to send troops, our "professional army," to "resolve" problems in Yugoslavia. Different ethnic groups were fighting each other. Entering on the side of the minorities we resolved the immediate conflict, defeating the Serbian army while killing many innocent civilians. Congress, unenthusiastically, paid for President Clinton’s adventure, but never declared a "war." The result? What was a nation has been divided into several "nations" and conflicts continue. Evidence of this was given recently when Mrs. Clinton, as Secretary of State, went to the area and urged ethnic groups to work and live together peacefully.
Both of our Presidents Bush used their executive powers to invade Iraq. Again, the first invasion was a quick event to drive the Iraq army out of a neighboring, friendly, country. This aroused little public outcry. The second invasion, to destroy and change the Iraqi government aroused public protest, led by a liberal media and opposed by many in Congress. Still, Congress paid and a reasonably successful conclusion appears to be being reached. Still, it cost many lives and hundreds of millions of tax dollars. Again, there was no draft. Why we entered and the wisdom of entering without the prior approval of Congress, signified by a declaration of war, and the general approval of the public remains a reasonable question.
Now we are heavily involved in Afghanistan. Pursuing the 9/11 terrorists who attacked us, Bush used his power as Commander in Chief to send our powerful, volunteer, military into a foreign nation, but did not ask Congress for a declaration of war. Declaring this a necessary conflict, President Obama has continued this involvement and has also used the air force to attack Libya without much public awareness or interest.
This is the problem of a professional military. A President can send them where he wishes, when he wishes, without official public approval. Citizens of the United States, busy with their own lives, pay little attention. If we did not have that "professional" military, if it were necessary to institute a draft to have the troops to send into a conflict, it would result in much stronger public debate. People would be interested if it was possible that their sons, not unknown professionals, would be sent to fight and die in nations in which they had no interest. Congress would become interested. Does anyone really believe that we would have ever entered Yugoslavia, Iraq or Afghanistan if the President had been required to institute a draft first?
A "professional" military, capable of being sent to fight anywhere in the world at short notice is an open invitation to the search for glory by Presidents. It creates an imperial presidency. It undermines our democracy. I oppose the idea of such a military. Let us return to a draft, during which the people as a whole are aroused to express their interests: their support or their opposition before we send our young men and women to die.